Selective Mutism
Selective Mutism is classified as an anxiety disorder (DSM-5) characterized by the inability to speak/communicate with individuals or within environments that are less familiar. Although there is not a known cause, characteristics are linked to anxiety, shyness, and inconsistent language use when in different environments/situations or communicating with different communication partners. Individuals that experience Selective Mutism may be able to use a variety of language intents and conversations within his/her home environment but may speak minimally or not at all within other environments. These characteristics will persist beyond 1 month if Selective Mutism. Shyness reduced eye contact, clinginess, withdrawal, or tension may be noticed in environments that are less familiar. These individuals often rely on non-verbal communication, pointing, and others to communicate his/her wants/needs. Selective Mutism is primarily observed in children but can persist into adulthood. In addition, it had been noted that untreated Selective Mutism could also lead to isolation, low self-esteem, and social anxiety disorder. When working with children suspected of Selective Mutism, it is important that all team members (family, educational team, professionals, etc.) are working together and maintaining collaboration to best support the child. Utilizing a team approach will assist inconsistent language use with the child, increasing his/her comfortability during interactions. The goal is for the child to feel confident to communicate in all environments.
Quick Facts (SMA, 2022):
1 in 140 Children are affected by selective mutism
2 - 4 Age when signs typically start to appear
2 : 1 SM is more prevalent in females than males
70% Of children with SM also meet criteria for social anxiety disorder
Sources: https://www.selectivemutism.org, https://www.asha.org, https://www.nhs.uk